Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social work - Essay Example The excellence of the two hypotheses is that both, nearly similarly, have faith in the clients’ want to take care of the issues, and both intend to improve the critical thinking aptitudes of the customers, along these lines advancing autonomy rather than reliance. The Applicability with Diverse Groups The magnificence of these two methodologies, as indicated by Hepworth, Rooney and GD Rooney et al (2009, p. 364) is their materialness with various gatherings, particularly poor people, minority and ethnocultural gatherings. This is to a great extent since they underline on the privilege of customers to distinguish issues and spotlight on enabling the underestimated customers. Furthermore, they are useful in expelling the obstructions to multicultural clinical practices as they to a great extent acknowledge the clients’ perspective on issues. Notwithstanding, the upside of emergency mediation methodology and undertaking focused methodology is their utilization with various populaces. Scientists like James (2008, p. 39) are of the conviction that emergency mediation has widespread application to non-white individuals as it is normal for minorities to encounter emergency and because of hindrances of culture, ethnicity, and bigotry. When they look for help, the issue will be in an incessant state. This methodology has six phases to be specific: characterizing the issue, guaranteeing customer security, offering help, looking at options, making arrangements, and acquiring duty (in the same place). Presently, it becomes obvious that both the methodologies are profoundly gainful devices in social work as both trust in the centeredness of people and both depend on the hypothesis of enabling the customers to deal with their circumstance themselves, in this way advancing freedom rather than reliance. The following are sure highlights that make these methodologies progressively ideal in social circumstances. The Patient Centeredness Both the methodologies show restraint focused in nature. The errand focused methodology has confidence in the capacity of the customers to take care of their issues themselves or to enhance their issues to an average level. The errand focused methodology depends on the suspicion that the vast majority have sufficient abilities and assets to tackle their issues themselves. Also, it is accepted that individuals want to take care of their issues. Issues emerge in individual, family or social circles that can hinder the goals of issues. The errand focused methodology accepts that individuals have the characteristic abilities to take care of their issues or to rebuild the circumstance to a decent level. So also, emergency intercession technique also depends on the presumption that mediation becomes important when an individual can't deal with the complication and turmoil brought about by an emergency. This also acknowledges the way that emergency can emerge in families, gatherings, networks, and countries. Truth be told, both the methodologies focus on enabling the patient, improving the degree of working, and building up a spot for dealing with emergency. What's more, both have confidence in the dynamic support of customers and both are present moment in nature. The motivation behind the two methodologies is to recover the lost harmony in the client’s life. The claim to fame of these methodologies is the all out investment of the customers in the system, and the achievement of the methodologies is completely subject to the client’s preparation to play out the errands they are relegated. In both the cases, when the errands and objectives are set, there are normal gatherings to screen progress and to offer help in the push to accomplish the objectives. The abilities at this crossroads required for a social

Freedom and Slavery Free Essays

The United States advances that opportunity is a privilege merited by all humankind. Since the commencement of America the administration has discovered approaches to deny chosen individuals this privilege by race, sexual orientation, class and in different ways also for its own advantage. This is a limit of opportunity. We will compose a custom exposition test on Opportunity and Slavery or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Limits of opportunity layout who can make the most of their opportunity and who isn’t. These individuals modify with time and as history unfurls. Subjugation and the excursion of their opportunity was a major piece of the establishment of the United States. Toward the start of the Civil War, Lincoln’s objective was to reestablish the Union and moved toward keeping servitude present in the states. African American’s excursion to opportunity and what opportunity implies was a long and fierce one. With the British settlements being set up in the New World, a wellspring of modest work was required. The Slave Trade was brought into the provinces from Africa. Slaves were a significant piece of the achievement of this new economy being assembled. 7. 7 million African Americans were evaluated to be moved to the New World between 1492 to 1820. They were dealt with like different merchandise and were sold through the triangular exchange course over the Atlantic. Subjugation had its favorable circumstances to Englishmen. They couldn’t guarantee the securities the English law offered, their season of work never finished and their kids were naturally introduced to servitude and claimed by the ace too. They additionally had experienced numerous ailments known to Europe and were more averse to abdicate to ailments. Bondage started to supplant contracted hirelings on the Chesapeake estates. To the typical estate proprietor, it turned out to be increasingly conservative to purchase work forever, or a slave that you possessed until they passed on. Slaves could be sold, given to relatives, and rented. No dark could claim arms or put their hands on a white or, in all likelihood they were confronted with extraordinary outcomes. Likewise, if off the estate, a white individual could request that a dark give their opportunity declaration or a note of consent to be off the manor from the ace they additionally confronted outrageous results. Slaves resembled youngsters to whites. They couldn't revolt without repercussions and couldn't sell out or leave their proprietor. They had free work that couldn't go anyplace; bondage was an enormous advantage and resembled a fantasy for an estate proprietor. They were fundamental to creation and development of yields and estates. By 1700, subjection was existent in the entirety of the provinces. The House of Burgesses understood that slaves were a critical piece of the work power and along these lines, to the economy. Another slave code was established in 1705 expressing that slaves were property of their proprietors and to the white network. Slaves were the legitimate duty of the ace and in the event that they began to revolt it was the master’s commitment to keep them in line. Subjection additionally carried another division of individuals to the New World. The slaves that were moved to the settlements for work were not all from a similar culture, race or society. They communicated in various dialects, had differing customs and had numerous different religions. Huge numbers of these individuals would have never interacted with one another notwithstanding this slave exchange. A general generalization of African’s was what they now where known as. There societies and belief systems developed into a solitary foundation and family line for individuals naturally introduced to this way of life and they no longer originated from various clans or connections. There new culture depended on African customs, English essentials and American guidelines. This could nearly be considered as the main portion of America getting known as a ‘melting pot’. Subjection was an immense piece of the advancement of the New World and to the ascent of its business matchless quality. In Britain the benefits from the slave exchange energized the development of ports, banking, transport building and assisted with financing the mechanical upheaval. It likewise supported the settlements riches and set the establishment for the solid practical society it would later turn into. As a student of history would later translate: â€Å"The development and success of the rising society of free provincial British America †¦ were accomplished because of slave labor†. The most effective method to refer to Freedom and Slavery, Papers

How have recent policy changes in school age education affected Essay

How have late strategy changes in young instruction influenced homeroom practice and understudy accomplishment in Austrlia Focus on - Essay Example This is in compatible with the COAG plan to execute changes in the instruction field, especially identified with picking up abilities and development in youth so Australia as a country could be advanced with human capital (DEEWR, 2011). The legislature recognizes its job of focusing on the early long stretches of younger students for their deep rooted government assistance and job in the country’s advancement. There is adequate proof that the early years assume a predominant job in the general development of young understudies (CAG, 2009). The Australian government has made a blue print of the technique by working cooperatively on the mutual vision for the development of small kids by 2020 to give all assets to the young understudies for their splendid future just as for the eventual fate of Australia. The administration intends to mastermind young government assistance benefits under the new structure through three sections: Focused administrative courses of action A National Quality Standard including the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and quality rating framework. Association of another national body by and large oversaw between the Commonwealth and the states and regions (CAG, 2009). Diagram The initial five years of a child’s life spread out the way on which the kid develops into a more full character. The approach activity of the Australian government to be mutually run by the domain and state governments would give that necessary stage to the Australian youngsters. Utilization of the National Quality Framework has been in progress since July 2010. Quality parameters would get uplifted with the usage of the structure on quality and normality over the youth training and consideration regarding their development all through Australia. The new changes are required to better the administrations in the spaces that intrigue on a child’s development and empower families to take right choices for their kids (DEEWR, 2011). Arrangement c hanges have urged the need of sticking to higher parameters of taking care of youngsters in the matter of learning aptitudes, great wellbeing and their security Parents are presently better outfitted with required information about their kids to choose the administrations that are progressively appropriate to make the eventual fate of their kids promising (DEEWR, 2011). Prior, data with respect to quality principles for early age kids was not all inclusive over all locales in Australia. With the new arrangement structure, there is no deficiency of pertinent data to help guardians in choosing the ideal administrations for their children (DEEWR, 2011). All administrations suppliers have expanded their quality benchmarks identified with kid development. Quality parameters have been brought up for youth training for the better by means of: †¢ acquainted better instructor with youngster proportions so singular consideration could be given to all kids †¢ added to the capability level of educators so they have the ideal aptitude to control kids in soaking up and creating †¢ started a novel quality rating framework so the Australian guardians could see the data identifying with their child’s progress relating to the standard of early training and tending administrations †¢

Implement a marketing solution - Gillette fusion razor Essay

Execute an advertising arrangement - Gillette combination razor - Essay Example It likewise looks to assess clients' reaction to the item. With the assistance of legitimate research, it is conceivable to get an away from about the future procedures of the organization. As the Fusion is created, Gillette should put resources into showcase investigation, examine, creation, advertising and so forth. This will be a costly stage. Since no deal income will be accomplished, misfortunes might be caused. Luckily for Gillette, M3Power still has a market that will permit it to retain misfortunes over a brief timeframe. (Altaf 2007). During this stage it gets pivotal to give a fitting spotlight on cost and advancement idea. The organization can pick between buoy or skim evaluating technique. Aside from this, it is important to give accentuation for special technique, particularly promoting of the item, to make mindfulness about the new item in the market and among the buyers. There exist odds of rivalry. A few times the organization may bring about some misfortune during this stage. The cost will be higher because of the deals special exercises and the quantum of deals will be ordinary or at a lower level. The significant actuality during this stage is to investigate whether the clients will be prepared to acknowledge the innovation of five edge surface or not. The development stage is the third stage in the item lifecycle.

Nora Ephron and Literary Moms

Nora Ephron and Literary Moms A few weeks ago, on Mothers Day, I read a beautiful essay in the New Yorker titled My Friends Moms, by Rivka Galchen. In the piece, Galchen reflects on the mothers of her childhood friends that made a particular impact on her growing up and whose lessons she still uses today. She concludes: There are mothers…and then there are moms: the mothers of other people in our lives…I think about these moms of mine every third day or so. And very occasionally I think even of the moms like this who I didnt know, and dont know, and then I have a sense, briefly, of the world as almost supernaturally cluttered, and good. I have lots of moms, too. Mostly I have one great mother, but my life is full to brimming with women who have shaped me. Because of them, I know to always twist the curling iron away from my face, and that the older you get the less you should use powder. I know to sip Diet Coke to ease a stomachache, and I know that the only cure for period cramps is to be cranky for a while. I know the stretches to do after a long run, I know how to roast vegetables in olive oil, and I know the things that boyfriends never do if they really love you. But when I read Galchens piece, I wasnt just thinking about my litany of real-life moms. I was thinking about my literary moms, too: women whose words stick with me just as much, who have contributed to the way I write the way my other moms have to the way I live. Women whose ranks I want, more than anything, to join: people like Joan Didion and Rebecca Solnit, but first and foremost and most of all, Nora Ephron. Ive written about my feelings for Nora Ephrons work before, but that was before I read her novel Heartburn, published in 1983. The book follows Rachel Samstat, a cookbook writer who is seven months pregnant with her second child when her husband tells her hes in love with somebody else. The story follows Rachel from Washington, D.C. to New York City and back again as she reevaluates love and marriage, and the difference between who she is and who she thought she might become. Like most of Ephrons books, Heartburn was probably intended to be read by women older than me. But reading it was like storing away something your mom says for later use, Its an intimate, desperately funny story, the heartbreak of Ephrons own life layered beneath her signature wit. (Ephron, when later asked if her husband was angry with her for using their marriage as novel fodder, replied What did he think was going to happen?) I consider Ephron one of my literary moms because she is one of those writers who always makes me feel a little better about the scary things growing up, moving out, the giant faceless blur that is my future. In her novels and essays, even deep sadness is always a little silly, a little ridiculous. You just have to laugh. When Galchen expressed her vision of a maternal world, supernaturally cluttered and good, I thought immediately of Ephrons world. Its  When Harry Met Sally,  but its also  Heartburn: sometimes sparkly and safe, sometimes not so much, but always with a soft place to land. What made the experience of reading  Heartburn  even better was that despite the classically mom-y aspects the pregnant protagonist, the recipes woven into the narrative, the wry observations about adulthood Rachels development is largely that of  a woman trying to decide who she is without other people. She spends so many years being insecure in her relationships, her career, and her city, that her ultimate decision to start over feels like a much-needed coming of age. It was comforting to me to know that Rachel could find herself at 38, and that Ephron could find herself into her fifties. That lesson, too, I could store away for when I need it. In one of my favorite passages from the book, Rachels doctor asks her if she believes in love. It triggers a flurry of contradictory thought that concludes with this: Sometimes I believe that love is essential, and sometimes I believe that the only reason love is essential is that otherwise you spend all your time looking for it. Rachel then turns back to her doctor and tells him yes, she believes in love. This passage, like several others in Heartburn,  rings with authenticity, as if they were Ephrons thoughts that simply needed to be put in Rachels head before they could be expressed.  Whats so wonderful about Ephron is that she was never afraid to be totally candid with her readers. Her pain, her embarrassment, it was all was fair game, because it wasnt just hers. It could be someone elses, too; and thats worth it. Rachel believes in a lot of things, not just love. She also believes in eating mashed potatoes when youre blue, and, refreshingly, in self-preservation. And she believes, just like your moms told you, that despite everything, it will all be okay in the end. And it will. Also In This Story Stream View all heartburn posts-->

Study Tip Tweets for Various Learning Types

Studying for the SAT is hard enough; for students with learning disabilities, test prep introduces a whole host of other challenges. We set out to find some of the best tweets that provide information and study ideas for students, parents, and tutors. ADDitude Mag offers helpful tips for those struggling with ADHD, and this exhaustive list of math-specific suggestions tops our list. The summer slide is even more apparent in kids w/ ADHD. Use these 18 tips to keep math skills sharp: http://t.co/I8LamqoYYl ADDitudeMag (@ADDitudeMag) July 16, 201, 2014 The National Center for Learning Disabilities has a whole swath of information about various learning disabilities, so we trust that theyll offer effective tips to improve memory. 🙂 Get strategies for strengthening working memory, key to helping them learn new concepts. http://t.co/jBURKX5ej8 LD.org (@LDorg) June 12, 201 Specialized Prep is all about tailoring test prep for students with learning disabilities. Unsurprisingly, they also offer some invaluable advice about navigating college admissions. Scholarships for Students with Learning Disabilities http://t.co/PFxFzo06fa #College #learningdisabilities #Scholarships #LD SpecializedPrep.org (@SpecializedPrep) August 28, 2013 If anyone knows what advice to offer to dyslexic students starting college, its DyslexiaHelp at the University of Michigan. Wed also recommend checking out the Dyslexia success stories on their site! Will you be starting college next school year? Make sure youre prepared: http://t.co/r1AIf Everyday Health is a one stop information hub for all things health-related. Here, they offer some not-so-everyday tips for ADHD students. Cant Focus? Try These 8 Simple #ADHD Concentration Tips: http://t.co/TlxKbeLWfm #adultADHD Everyday Health (@adhdfacts) February 13, 201 The Coffee Klatch is a virtual cup of coffee for parents of special needs children. They host a super informative blog radio show, too! Listening to Neurodiversity in the Classroom: Strength-Based Strategies for #ADHD #autism #ocd #bipolar http://t.co/AlOQ2bdall Special Needs Radio (@TheCoffeeKlatch) July 12, 201 At Headstrong Nation, dyslexias not a disease, but a community. They also know how to point you towards interesting, classroom-relevant articles. Dont get the #CommonCore blues! @benfoss shares how to prepare. Tip #1: Talk to your schools sooner than later http://t.co/Tcow2AsA HealthCentral is a great resource for up-to-date medical news. Here, get ideas that are perfect for summer. 1

Social Learning Theory Of Crime And Crime - 1310 Words

Unit 6 DB 1 Using Social Learning Theory Introduction Social learning theory is a considered an overall theory of crime and criminality and has been used to explain both criminal and non-criminal behavior. One of these youth gangs we will use this theory to understanding the criminal behavior is called the Zoe Pound. They are teenagers and older men in their 20s in this gang. They have become a problem in the last few years mostly because is of all the attention they are receiving all because of a special documentary on this gang that was broadcast on the History Channel. They have appeared in several times on the news in the last 15 years. This gang never stared out as a non-violent gang, and all efforts to control their growth have†¦show more content†¦This group is best described by police officers in the ones that rule by committee; uses automatic weapons, uses extreme violence and power-bestowing amulets, and those are just some of their features that differentiate this gang from other criminal gangs in Miami South Florida s of youth violence. This gang is organize and is rule by committee rather than a leader, they do not fight amongst themselves, and thereby they do not suffer any type of setback if one of the higher up is arrest or killed (taken out). With such organization this means that means everyone s a fall guy, and so far they have spread to other major cities like, New York, Atlanta, and Orlando Florida. This gang represents Akers (1998), statement, that the basic assumption behind this theory is that the same learning process can produce both conforming and deviant or delinquent behavior. He also â€Å"argues that individuals develop favorable or unfavorable definitions to deviance in interactions with their peers† (Akers, 1998). Thereby, just examine the Zoe Pound gang we can perceive that anyone who is hanging with this group is going to be deviant or display delinquent behavior. One might think that this would be labeling them, but this group is notorious for not letting just anyone hang around them i f they are not with their set,

Key Features of AL and CLT Approach - 1363 Words

1. Compare and contrast the key features of AL and CLT approach Audio-lingual approach Communicative teaching language approach Approach Nature of language -structural view -Language: a system of structural phonological, grammatical and lexical patterns to express the functional meanings -functional view -Language: a medium for social interaction and communication Nature of language learning Behaviorism – Habit formation via over-learning Learners’ engagement in authentic and meaningful task to promote language learning. (the learning process is influenced by linguistic, social, cognitive and individual factors) Design Objectives -Focus on positive habit of language response -Start to focus on fluency (meaning) -Start to focus on oral competence - Focus on learners’ communicative competences development ( including linguistic competence , actional competence, discourse competence, socio-cultural competence and strategic competence) - Focus on both accuracy(form) and fluency (meaning) (Fluency is more important than accuracy) Syllabus-content and its organization -Linguistic functions = teaching units; -Sequence = ascending difficulty/complexity; -Teaching materials = dialogues - The teaching content is organized functionally. -content: relevant to learner’s need/ level and learning styles/strategies. -The teaching content would normally be organized: - functionally; - notionally (theme-based); - in a task-based manner; - Or withShow MoreRelatedLanguage Pedagogy And Teaching Strategies1464 Words   |  6 Pagesgrammar-translation toward Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (Brandl, 2007). During the 20th century, as increased attention was paid to the demand of communication skills, grammar-translation method which emphasizing knowledge of grammatical rules and translation activities was no longer effective (Richards Rodgers, 2001). In Australia, CLT is a preferred approach to be adopted for second language teaching (Fernandez, 2008). Therefore, the pedagogy of CLT incorporating an array of supportive teaching strategiesRead MoreThe Use of Simulation in Speaking Skill Development of Third-Year Students at Fast-Track Program1833 Words   |  8 Pagesnovel one named Communicative Language Teaching. This method aims at enhancing learners’ â€Å"communicative competence† which requires not only grammatical, lexical knowledge but strategic, actional and socio-cultural competence as wel l (Celce-Murcia et al, 1995). To meet the requirements of this new teaching method, simulation has been applied in language teaching lessons in order to improve speaking skills for students. Simulation has long been considered to be an innovative and creative teaching techniqueRead MoreBenefits Of Students Taking Introductory Physics Classes1563 Words   |  7 Pagesquantity (Van Heuvelen, 1991). Students are typically taught to solve well-structured problems (Jonassen, 2003). These problems with clear starting and ending points and a definite, structured solution path are conducive for the formula-centered approach. However, the types of problems encountered in everyday situations are ill-structured having no linearly defined solution, if a solution even exists. Unfortunately, high performance in these well-structured problems is not necessarily an indicatorRead MoreTeaching A Foreign Language : The Direct Method2375 Words   |  10 PagesTeachers play a key role in the students’ proficiency in acquisition of a foreign language and consequently, prominent debates about using one method or another in order to make the learning process more effective are crowding the bookshelves in libraries. Despite this outstanding proliferation a clear response is still not given. This essay will discuss many aspects of one of the major methods used when teaching a foreign language: the Direct Method, an approach that sets forth something differentRead MoreEnglish As Foreign Language Classes1883 Words   |  8 Pagesexpressed that â€Å"The cognitive domain refers to the use of our mental skills and to how we process knowledge†. Additionally, challenge is essential for learners because it could develop cognitively (ibid, p.15). In my opinion, challenge should be the key point of designing materials. Writing is regarded as the most difficult part in English language learning and the task 5.6 (p.15) can be seen as a challenge for students to write 300 words. I believe that they may feel happy and confidence as long asRead MoreSLA Lg teaching methods approaches7312 Words   |  30 Pages â€Å"†¦there is, as Gebhard et al.(1990:16) argue, no convincing evidence from pedagogic research, including research into second language instruction, that there is any universally or ‘best’ way to teach. Although, clearly, particular approaches are likely to prove more effective in certain situations, blanket prescription is difficult to support theoretically. The art of teaching does not lie in accessing a checklist of skills but rather in knowing which approach to adopt with different studentsRead MoreChapter One : Theoretical Framework Essay6065 Words   |  25 Pagesto cover the drawbacks of teacher-centered approach, education has adopted a new approach to learning, particularly language learning calling it the learner-centered approach. We will divide this chapter into two related sections. First part provides a cursory review about the learner-centered approach believing that it is the most suitable and fertile ground to cultivate critical thinking. We start by defining the concept of the learner-centered approach and its historical background. Then, we displayRead MoreIelts Syllabus Design2685 Words   |  11 Pagesgrading of content. At last, a conclusion will be given to summarise the key points in this essay. 2. The definition of syllabus Basically, a syllabus is a specification of what is to be included in a language course; and it concerns the selection of items to be learnt and the grading of those items into an appropriate sequence (Jordan, 2003; Hamer, 2002). Additionally, Nunan (1988) defines syllabus to a broad and a narrow approach. In a broad view, the syllabus and methodology should be togetherRead MoreTopic: Evaluation of Listening and Speaking Skills Activities of English Textbook Grade 5(P.T.B).4711 Words   |  19 PagesEnglish is considered to be a useful to access the world and among the four language skills i.e. listing, speaking, reading and writing. Speaking is the most important (Ur, 1997Haq.s, 2000- A training course for teachers. Cambridge University. An approach to the teaching of English- Ali printers). Oral language is the greatest use of language and is the basis communication. Through listening and speaking students learn about themselves and about their world. Learning to express ones thoughts, ideasRead MorePresenting the Rationale for the Field-Study, Its Aims and Scope, the Research Questions, Significance, Methods, and Design of the Field-Study.11884 Words   |  48 Pages(Allwright, 1982). Another concern is that since textbooks are often written for global markets, they may not suit all classrooms and might require adaptation to better meet students’ true needs (Richards, 2005). Non-authenticity is also the most limited feature of almost text books. Due to teaching purpose, both content and language are presented in idealized and standardized ways rather than they are in real life (Cunningsworth, 1995). Many experts have written on how to choose or develop materials, which

Silent Ears, Silent Heart Essay - 1320 Words

Silent Ears, Silent Heart I thought that Silent Ears, Silent Heart was an excellent book. It really gave you a full prospective of what a family and a person has to go through living a life without being able to hear sound it also helps you realize what someone has to go through that can’t hear what is going on around them. The book starts off with a couple named the Clines there’s Mr. Cline who is Jack who runs his own multimillion dollar business in a glass production. His dream is to have his son at his side and follow in his footsteps and run the family business someday. Then there’s Mrs. Cline who is Margret who is a stay at home wife that is waiting the arrival of their child. The book starts off with them being a typical†¦show more content†¦He was in complete denial. For some reason he thought that if his son cannot hear that makes him stupid and a retard. Witch I found appalling. That a father could say such a thing about his own son just because he was different and cou ld possibly have a disability. Throughout most of the book his father has a hard time excepting that his son has a problem. At one part he practically disowns his whole family. His business was having a big corporate business and his wife and son were there and one of the employees were explaining to someone else how his son was deaf and that his son is probably not going to be able to take over the family business, Mr. Clines pulls the man to the side and tells him as far as the business people know he has no family, no wife and no son which how could a father say that. The first time where I was able to see the father actually care is when his wife gets a letter in the mail asking them to register their son into a special needs program to try and get him ready for kindergarten since he will not be able to progress as quickly as the other children in class. But his mom had a very hard time letting go of her baby bay. He still was only 3 years old but that’s when he needed to start learning how to communicate so that he can be ready for kindergarten. Mr. Clines signs the paper right away but his wife is still having a hard time excepting sending her son to school so early when she couldShow MoreRelatedShort Story750 Words   |  3 PagesSILENT! Very silent it remained, at the moment that the room saved... ghost silent, all stood still. I opened the gated door and I faintly warped the rusted door knob, with pleasure I ushered in the friendly officers. A big sizable and nice, trusting smile I kept , to make sure they don’t sprout any c ertain suspicions. I sat them down right above where the body lied to rot. We prattled on about familiar topics, but hitherto then, I gained their assurance. Until the unforeseen chattering of my teethRead MoreIt Had Been A Hard Day’S Night For Michelle, Everything1682 Words   |  7 PagesMichelle walks as fast as she can down the alley to avoid another incident, she is almost running until she spots her apartment from behind a few trees. She hurries into the building and gets on the elevator. She wasn’t alone on the elevator, she stood silent with an older man; he appeared to be in his 70’s, he was old and frail, with an expression that said he wanted to be anywhere else at that moment. Michelle was too scared to face the man, so she kept her head down, focusing on nothing more than theRead MorePersonal Narrative : Dream Come True?1033 Words   |  5 PagesDream Come True?   Ã‚  Ã‚   A family rule I had growing up was that you were not aloud to get your ears pierced until you were eight years old. I wanted my ears pierced so badly. I used to wear fake earrings to school all the time. I didn’t know much about ear piercings, other than the fact that I felt so grown up when I wore earrings. All I knew was that someone would use a special tool, I would feel a pinch, and then BAM! I would be a grown up in no time. I remember my eighth birthday felt like an eternityRead MorePersonal Narrative - Original Writing Music Box 1028 Words   |  5 Pagespicked me up and sat me beside her. Her hands began to move. The sweet song that filled the house filled my ears, my lungs, my stomach, my heart. Everything. Melody hummed to the tune and I got up and danced around the sittin’ room. I twirled around until my head got so dizzy I fell down. Mel got up and helped me back to my feet and we started dancing again. Smiling the whole time, ear to ear, as we danced through the room, into the kitchen, and back into the sittin’ room. Moma laughed at our sillyRead MoreSaying Goodbye to Dad1009 Words   |  4 Pagesthat they may know eternal peace. He bowed his head and silence fell over the grief-stricken onlookers. Those unlucky few, who had experienced the atrocity and lived to tell the tale, together with the family members of the fallen soldiers stood, silent, in attendance as the twenty-one gun salute was fired. The flag, symbolising everything they had died fighting for, waved at half mass paying tribute to the fallen saints. A woman, Hope, was hidden among the mass with the other soldiers’ familiesRead MoreThe Swim Competition Essay696 Words   |  3 Pagesnever fails. There is so much noise—the splash of water, talking, yelling, whistling, cheering. Can’t think. My body shakes and screams from the tension. Heart pounding, nerves tingling, every muscle contracted. Stop. Focus. Deep breath and close everything out. I shut my eyes and the turbulent world in which I am submerged goes black and silent. Coach says visualize the race. Visualize your ideal race. I visualize†¦. The one hundred fly—it is my mountain. This mountain is rocky, snowy, and steepRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Bedroom With Fill The Gaps Dubus 1303 Words   |  6 Pages enabling the viewer to understand the conversations absent to the ear. Throughout both the short story and movie, Dubus and the screenwriter portray Matt and Ruth as lacking the essential glue one needs after a death: communication. Initially, the bedroom is where Matt and Ruth can address their â€Å"deepest feelings† (Dubus 1126); however, after the death of their son Frank, the atmosphere of the bedroom becomes a sickening silent anguish. As Matt and Ruth never directly discuss the death of FrankRead MoreThe Club Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesin thick, black letters. Frankie removes the rope, allowing us to sit. Alice slides in first, curving around the sofa as she did earlier, and just when Im about to follow her, Angelo clutches my hand. â€Å"Sit with me,† his smooth voice purrs into my ear, making my knees buckle. As he slides onto the sofa, he pulls me close beside him, sliding his arm around my back to rest his hand on my hip. I ignore Alices glare that she focuses on me, or possibly Angelo. Instead, I turn my face, resting my cheekRead MoreSilence in The Chosen Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesZionism and the development of Israel without the coming of the Messiah via papers, flyers, and rallies, grew oddly silent with the comings of more violence in Palestine. â€Å"†¦as Arab forces began to attack the Jewish communities of Palestine, as an Arab mob surged through Princess Mary Avenue in Jerusalem†¦as the toll of Jewish dead increased daily, Reb Saunders’ league grew strangely silent.† (pg.240). The silence of the Hasids showed just how depressed and grief-stricken they were with the acts of violenceRead MoreMy Speech On Faith And Faith1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe wind whispers into my ear his name, sitting down on my front porch looking up into the sky thinking wh at it would feel like to be part of something that is out of this world. But for me, faith is something you can’t change or just even something you cannot force to happen. Until he came along, he wasn’t one of those boys that was annoying and that was after every girl that was passing by. We all think of every boys and girls the same, but we have to truly see who this person is. My uncle surprisingly

Essay On Mass Media - 777 Words

Ahsha Rolle 8/28/2017 HUM/186 Allyson Wells Mass Media: Development and Literacy Assignment What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the last century? In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Americans received their news through newspapers and magazines. Television journalism has just taken over in the last 50 years. Today, the internet makes information and news available at the click of a button. The internet also plays a role in politics, and candidates use and special interest groups use different forms of advertising through the internet. With the evolution of media involving newspapers and magazines in the U.S, political parties used these outlets to push their agendas. The Federalist†¦show more content†¦New media has taken over traditional media mainly because; they are more immediate, often are free, and can reach people from all around the world. How did each development influence American culture? New media (internet, social media, and electronics) have influenced American culture tremendously. In today’s society, the average American probably wakes up and immediately reaches for their smart phone to check their social media sites. On these sites, you can learn about any current events, breaking news, and what your friends are up to. You can explore new restaurants through social media and make and reservation for dinner. The internet has become an integral part of daily life. Technology has made it possible to watch TV, apply for a job, and call relatives overseas all at the same time if you wanted. Work meeting now use teleconferences online, and written forms of communication are expressed through emails and memo’s. You can also participate in online dating sites to help you find love. This is particularly beneficial to people who are very busy and who don’t have time for traditional ways of finding a date. The electronic gaming systems have also developed to influence American culture. In 1970 the Atari was introduced to the world. It was a simple black and white table tennis simulator game. In 1980 game makes made it possible for gamers to communicate back it forth whileShow MoreRelatedMass Media Essay720 Words   |  3 Pages Mass Media: Development and Literacy Assignment Emily Lewis Horne University of Phoenix HUM 186 October 30, 2017 The Major Developments of the Mass Media In the textbook, Media and Culture: Mass Communication in a Digital Age, written by Richard Campbell, it talks about wat mass media is and the mass media developments. It said, â€Å"The mass media are the cultural industries—the channels of communication—that produce and distribute songs, novels, TV shows, news- papers, movies, video gamesRead MoreMass Media Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesMass media has been around for decades and it has grown more rapidly as technology advances. It started with telegraphs and eventually turned into televisions, newspapers, cell phones, magazines, and the internet. The purpose of mass media is to provide news/information, education, and entertainment. With these purposes, comes the influence of all the information we are exposed to. Most might say that mass media has had a positive impact on society as it’s made communication and information easilyRead MoreMass Media Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the media and w hat media literacy entails is an important trait that everybody should learn. There were a few developments in the evolution of mass media that took place in the past century. Mass communication first started in the earliest of society which started the written and oral communication era. In this time information was passed down through oral traditions by teachers or story-tellers. As time passed and more stories were told the alphabet and written word finally were createdRead More Mass Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesMass Media Have you ever had an original thought? Why do we dress the way we do, watch what we watch or even live the way we do. Through our means of entertainment, it is almost a guide in how one should live their life. With the technology we have in our world we are persuaded to believe what is right and what is wrong. Although we create our own world, our thoughts were imposed upon us since the day we are born. â€Å"What if the world is some kind of show. What if we are only talents assembledRead MoreMass Media Essay892 Words   |  4 Pages Mass Media: Development and Literacy Option A HUM/186 Nichole LeBlanc 12/04/2017 This week we learned about the different types of mass media and the formation of them. We were given insight into how much the media has changed over time and how it affects our daily lives. Over the course of history, there has been many types of media that have come about. In the last century, some of the major developments in the evolution of mass media wereRead MoreEssay On Mass Media1277 Words   |  6 PagesAlston HUM/186 September 25, 2017 Allyson Wells INTRODUCTION Mass Media reaches a large part of our audiences today, whether it be from the movies, advertising, the internet, newspapers, magazines, twitter, you tube, Instagram, Facebook and so forth and because of this it can affect how we think and believe, both personally and as a society. Today, I will address three specific areas that product mass media channels have been used and has made a difference, either to me personallyRead MoreMass Media Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesof the police department would be eliminated, but due to a common council comprised of only one black, and very conservative reflecting the fear of the still majority white communities played on reports of crime exacerbated by the main stream news media, intensified enforce and repression of the black community (Elkins qtd. in Stone 107 Widick 153-156). One notorious element of the police department, that is still talked about today, is the â€Å"Big Four,† a patrol unit consisting of four large whiteRe ad MoreMass Media Essay739 Words   |  3 Pages Mass Media: Development and Literacy Alex Mitchell HUM/186 September 25,2017 Allyson Wells Mass Media: Development and Literacy Mass media has come a long way the past century. What started as books, newspapers, and magazines being the only way to receive any news or messages, has developed into much more than that now. The major developments in the evolution of mass media during the last century have literally changed our world and the way we get our information. These developmentsRead MoreEssay on Mass Media1405 Words   |  6 Pages1. There are different forms of social media, each with a primary purpose. For example: Bloggs: Is web site base with no online membership. Internet users post short articles, and press releases. This media is capable of reaching large audiences through texting, Video images, and links to other related media. Social Net Working Sites: yet another popular virtual community, such as, My Space, and Face book. Both sites can be used to upload pictures, videos, post messages, and create a personalRead MoreEssay on Mass Media2735 Words   |  11 PagesMass Media is a major part of the everyday lives of American citizens. Mass media provides the public the means for obtaining information, and knowledge about various aspects of life such as the economy, foreign affairs, weather, entertainment, crimes, and last but not least, politics. †The media are key institutions in our society. They affect our culture, our buying habits, and our politics. They are affected in turn by changes in our beliefs, tastes, interests and behavior†(Biagi, 11). The media

Mgt/420 Week 1 Role of Stakeholder Free Essays

Role of a Stakeholder Paper Janice Horton MGT/420 November 26, 2012 Thomas Ach Role of Stakeholders The stakeholder representation of excellence as obtainable challenge to include the growing requirement for organization to act in response to the requirements and prospect of more and more assorted cluster at the same time as unmoving distributes shareholder value. Countless of the ideology and the practice of superiority organization have been eager with the requirements and potential of meticulous groups that have been approved for an extended time as part of the conventional decision-making replica (Freeman, 1984). These include collections such as clientele, staff, and dealers. We will write a custom essay sample on Mgt/420 Week 1 Role of Stakeholder or any similar topic only for you Order Now The stakeholder model offers a hypothetical good reason and theoretical structure within which the excellence characteristic of associations with other, more varied, collection can be openly measured and lectured to in a holistic method. The stakeholder replica of quality can be consequently seen as basically different from replica that have come earlier than. Without a doubt, it is so different, it can be seen to symbolize an up-and-coming third age bracket of eminence that increasingly will substitute those that came former. Its focal point is motionless on excellence but the way in which superiority is lecture to be different. Three main stakeholders in Engro corporate hierarchy in Pakistan are the people who suggest and propose areas of improvement for enhancing the efficacy of quality management processes. The Board of directors plays an integral role to evaluate quality management processes throughout the life cycle of various projects while preserving and enhancing the image of the company. This resultantly improves quality in the management processes. Company employees are the stakeholders who gave candid feedback on the vision, progress, and evaluate the policies and highlight the areas of improvement. That is why a company like Engro has a policy that allows people to â€Å"Speak their Hearts out. † which allows their opinions and concerns to be heard. This tool also gives company’s many of ideas to improve upon their management style and processes. Various customers’ feedback surveys and surveys regarding knowing the voice of customers play an important role to give suggestions and opinionated ideas to add value to their systems and management processes. This brings definite value and quality in it. Another company like Agritech (Pak American Fertilizers Limited) in Pakistan arranges sessions with its major stakeholders during different times of the year. Customers, farmers, and dealers speak and help company improve upon their quality and processes. Sessions with Banks, suppliers, board of directors and employees are another toll to get 360 degree feedback on systems, quality, and processes to get ideas to build further upon them to improve management and quality in all aspects of their operations and systems of management. References Svendsen, A. (1998), The Stakeholder Strategy: Profiting from Collaborative Business Relationships, Berrett Koehler San Francisco http://www. cmqr. rmit. edu. au Wheeler, D. and M. Sillanpaa (1997). The Stakeholder Corporation. London, Pitman http://engro. com/our-businesses/engro-fertilizers-limited/ How to cite Mgt/420 Week 1 Role of Stakeholder, Essay examples

Space Exploration Essay free essay sample

Space exploration has always been fascinating. It gives us hope of finding something new. Humans have always been explorers. When people from old times didn’t know about unknown lands they were compelled to explore them. The idea of space exploration has a sense of mystery and excitement about it. We have achieved some of the goals but not all. Through our space probes we were able to find new planets stars and even galaxies. Space exploration should continue because it could help solve many problems on Earth, such as overpopulation and lack of resources. There are many reasons that space exploration should continue. If Earth ever becomes too overpopulated or over polluted, then perhaps people can move to Mars. But not everyone agrees on the same thing but I believe that we should and should not spent money on space exploration and there are good reasons that I will explain later on why I agree on the pros and the cons of space exploration. We will write a custom essay sample on Space Exploration Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In our history many great things have happened. We have been inventing and exploring things since day one. Many of these things that we discovered or invented. We thought would never be possible in earths life time. But they exist now, today, they are used by almost every human being and there are many more incredible and unimaginable things to come and aid us in everyday life. One of the most interesting things to me would fall under Space exploration. I say that no money should be wasted in space exploration simply because all that money that we are t. using on space can be well used to taking care of our country, and paying the country’s debt. Our country is making a lot research that we basically don’t need, exploring the universe and its mysterious yes it’s a nice thing because we can learn more from it. However our universe is so big that we could never figure out what is actually going on. From the others point of view if we have to use the money for something they would strongly approve that they use it for space exploration. Let’s say the world is on its edge and we have to get off of the earth then we could take rocket ships and we could live on the moon. If we continue space exploration we could probably find a planet that has water or oxygen. The movie wall-e was a great example. The grown-ups and children had to go into space and live in a giant space ship because the world ended. That is most likely to happen to us if the earth just becomes a dump. Space exploration uses millions of dollars so people could go to different planets and get samples and search for life on other planets. We have so far found no life in our solar system but based on other research we have found other planets that have water and that you can actually breathe on them and that have their own solar system. Exploring is good but not to do it whenever they like, they should use exploration for something good, whenever we actually have problems out there. There is yet a lot to discover what really lies beyond our solar system is there life on others planets are we alone in this universe. We can get these questions answered if we or NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) put a little time and money. Since population on earth have been increasing intensively NASA recently have found three planets that may have the atmosphere or the right amount of chemicals to start a life. Well money was not totally wasted because of what we find every day. But this is also making a decline in society while we take care of things outside our world we need to look inside as well. We have a high rate of poverty on earth some people suggest that we should use this money to help them but there have been foundations that help people to reduce poverty. Another way it is useless is because we are putting astronaut’s life in danger in the past missions to space nearly 18 astronauts have lost their life due to some technical difficulty or some other reason so it would not be safe for them.

Applied Portfolio Management Strategy Formulation

Question: Describe about the Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation and Risk associated with strategy implementation? Answer: Introduction: To achieve the objectives by implementation, formulation and evaluation of cross-functional decisions, strategic management is used with a well defined art and science. By this definition, we can conclude that, strategic management keeps its light of focus on accounting, development/research, information systems, production/operation, so that we can achieve desired height of the company in context of development. With the term strategic management, we can refer the formulation along with implementation, evaluation. There are three phase of strategic management, i.e. Strategy formulation: Includes the development of mission, vision along with the identification of external opportunities of an organization, determination of weakness and strengths, long term and alternative objectives are set, and what will be the desired strategy to peruse with, how resources should be allocated , how the hostile takeover can be deducted. Strategy implementation: This stage is also called as action stage, sometimes considered as much difficult stage to be dealt with in strategic management. It requires to be disciplined towards the work and its environment, sacrifice and commitments. Strategy evaluation: As a last stage in strategy evaluation a strategists looks for the faulty strategies, which are not working. Though we know, being a strategist one must keep in touch with updates on internal and external factors, as they are changing with time. So by the objective of evaluation, we can identify three phases- Internal and external factor must be reviewed, which are bases of currently running strategies Performance should be measured Correct actions should be taken in order to reach the goal. In context of Strategic planning, we can say it companys game plan. It results by having a good managerial or decision maker choice which commits to specific policies, markets, procedures with operation to be built along. There are many colleges and universities available where the strategic management term is used as a course BA (Business Administration) (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Strategy Formulation: As a broad plan a strategy is developed by an Organization to carry out and deploy the plan from the origin to its goal. A strategy which is designed well can carries capability to reach the goal as per the requirement of the organization. A good strategy with its effectiveness allows the environment to adapt changes which are meant by the strategy. To develop the strategy, it is needed perform Strategy formulation. It should be known to all employees, so that they always aware about the companys purpose, vision, objectives. An Organization is always pushed towards the track to evaluate the companys budget allocation, evaluation of resources and determination of most applicable plan for the maximization of the Return On Investment(ROI) (Jurevicius, 2015). It is required to have series of sequentially maintained step to do Strategy formulation. It is must to take the steps in order as they build in order upon each other. Strategy formulation requires few steps, which are- Definition of Organization: As a definition of the organization it is always intended to know first about the customer of the company. Definition of Strategic mission: It defines a clearly stated fact that to go forward what actually company is striving for and it provides a perspective of long range. It states the fact of value, business nature, position held by the company in marketplace. Being aware about the companys value one can establish mission and vision over that, which will become the foundation or base of the strategy, which is going to be built. Definition of strategic Objectives: Here an Organization requires identification of needed target on performance. This purpose include some objectives: productivity of services and goods, advanced technology, increment of sales, desirable market share, improved service for the customers. Definition of Competitive Strategy: In this step it is determined that in what stage the company is holding its position in marketplace. It is applicable not only as a whole on the company, but applies itself throughout the each and every small unit in the organization and determines the performance to hold the position of the company, which is in competitive position in market. Continuous implementation: It is simply a process of maintaining and implementing the parts of strategy, which are going to help in the next step of strategy formulation. Assessment of value: every organization has its own value, when we will be developing a strategy for a organization, we should keep in mind that, it should follow the values, culture, stakeholders, operating philosophy of the organization. There are three Stages defined in the Strategy Formulation: Input stage(stage 1): It is a stage where formulation done on the framework consists of IFE matrix, INTERNAL STRENGTH WEIGHT RATING WEIGHTED SCORE Largest manufacturer 10% 4 0.40 suppliers 12% 4 0.48 Good reputation 4% 3 0.12 Close proximity/location 8% 4 032 Increasing cash flow 4% 3 0.12 Loyal employees 5% 3 0.15 reliable and cheap financing 4% 3 0.12 minimal service complaints 3% 4 0.12 strong management team 4% 3 0.12 Financial ratios %% 4 0.20 INTERNAL WEAKNESS Saturated market 10% 1 0.10 Sensitive to raw material prices 15% 2 0.30 Little diversification 8% 2 0.16 Absence of strategic partner 4% 1 0.04 Lack of resources 4% 1 0.04 Major weakness (1), minor weakness (3), minor strength (3), major strength (4) TOTAL WEIGHTED SCORE 100% 2.79 EFE matrix OPPERTUNITIES weight rating Weighted score Industry consolidation 11% 4 0.44 Privatization in CE countries 12% 3 0.36 Growth of low-cost sector 10% 2 0.20 Increased demand 8% 4 0.32 THREATS Declining margins 16% 3 0.48 Government oversight 10% 1 0.10 Climbing prices of key inputs 5% 3 0.15 New security tax 8% 2 0.16 Economic down turn 5% 2 0.10 Sudden replacement of key person 15% 1 0.15 poor(1), below avg.(2), above avg.(3), superior(4) TOTAL WEIGHTED SCORE 100% 2.46 Competitive profile matrix. Comapany T J MAX Critical success factor weight Rating score Reputation of brand 0.12 4 0.48 product integration level 0.08 2 0.16 Product range 0.06 3 0.18 New, successful integration 0.03 2 0.06 Market share 0.15 1 0.15 Per employee sale 0.07 3 0.21 Low structure of cost 0.06 6 0.36 Varieties in distribution channel 0.07 4 0.28 Retention of customers 0.02 8 0.16 Superiors in it capabilities 0.12 7 0.84 Strong presence during online 0.14 4 0.56 Successful promotion 0.08 8 0.64 total 1.0 - 4.08 This stage summarizes the basic need information on input for the formulation of the strategy. The machine stage (stage 2): after aligning the important external and internal factors, machine stage focuses on the generation of alternative feasible strategies. It includes the StrategicPositionandActionEvaluation(SPACE)Matrix, Boston ConsultingGroup(BCG)Matrix, Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths(TOWS)Matrix, Internal-External(IE)Matrix (Mba-tutorials.com, 2015). Threats-oppertunities-weakness-strenghts(TOWS) matrix Decision Stage: Using only the QuantitativeStrategicPlanningMatrix (QSPM), it uses only this single technique. It uses the required information available In stage 1, to evaluate the alternatively available strategies, which are feasible enough to deal with in stage 2 (Education Portal, 2015). Strategy implementation: Here are few points must be highlighted to make projection on to implement the strategies Establishment of annual objectives. Policies should be devised. Motivate employees. Allocate resources. Developing cultures, which are strategy supportive. Creation of organizational structure. Redirection on the efforts on market. Preparation of budgets. Development of information system. Risk associated with strategy implementation: Uncertain economic conditions: due to having a slump in economic situation, it is may be need to alter the schedule made for implementation. It may happen that the assumption on the demands and the services on products may go lower. Here, in order to cut the expenses it may be needed to scale back my marketing plan with such a uncertain economic conditions. Competitive factors: It often happens that small and medium business enterprise can face the competitors and challenging situation in market. It may happen that existing competitors have launched new product or the advance version of the existing product. Strategists must have to adjust his/her strategy to encounter such tricky situation. Delays made to complete a project: strategy implementation may require a series of step to be completed by different department. It may happen that if one task is delayed by one department, it may happen that other departments will delay their task due to its dependence on other task. E.g. if a launch of product is made by T. J. MAX by the coming year, but if it happens that there is delay in design phase and also in the phase of testing of the product, then obviously there will be a delay in strategic implementation. Unavailability of key person: delays in implementation of strategies may cause by the sudden unavailability of the key person, such as, sudden death, or urgent shifting from the current place can raise this situation, as the implementation needs another responsible and qualified person in replacement of the pervious person. Higher cost in for the implementation which is beyond the forecasting: According to the chosen strategy, staffs of T. J. MAX will be preparing marketing budget according to the relative cost. Though previously not build plans in company may make situation, where it is not easy to do forecast on cost assignment. It may happen that, cost needed in strategy crosses the forecast which requires taking decision to reduce the cost to reach goal as a ultimate profit. Unavailability of key distributers and suppliers: some time organizations like T J MAX depend on one or more suppliers for the supply of the key product. It may happen that there is sudden unavailability of the suppliers, due to which the achievement of revenue growth, which was forecasted in strategic plan, may not achieve. Here company requires a new distributor renewing the distribution agreement. Regulation made by government: company may face difficulties due to the introduction of the new government rules and norms. E.g. it may happen that due the govt. rules, municipality didnt allow the company to have additional location planned by the strategists (Referenceforbusiness.com, 2015). Strategy Evaluation: As a strategy formulation, it is important keep our focus also on strategy evaluation, as we plan it to build it and evaluates it. With the strategy evaluation, we can throw light on the effective and efficient facts of the plans under concerned. As final phase of strategic management strategic evaluation is done. Setting benchmark: in projection we highlight the beneficial factors of the strategy driven plan. By setting benchmark, some factors are encountered, such as- proper way to set benchmark and proper way to express them which in turn determines the performance. By performance, it is very essential o to discover the requirements, specially needed to perform the main task. There are two criteria to available for assessment of the performance, which are quantitative criteria (ROI, net profit, per share earnings, employee turnover rate, production cost) and qualitative criteria (potential of risk taking, skills, flexibility etc.) . Measurement of performance: Being a bench mark of standard performance, actual performance is needed to compare. The communication and reporting system helps in measuring the performance. Analyzing the variance: While the comparing and performance is measured with the standard performance , may be there analyzing of variances is required. Degree of tolerance must be mentioned by the strategies which limits between standard and actual performance able to be accepted. Taking corrective Actions: a corrective action by a well planned strategy is needed where deviation of performance exists. If consistently the performance is decreasing from the desiring performance, then the strategists needed to carry the detailed analysis of factors, which are responsible for this kind of performance (Ewaluacja.gov.pl, 2015). Conclusion: Here to draw the conclusion on strategic management of T J MAX, I must bring some facts in context that it competed with wal-mart and other off-pricers. The report on opinion research have citied the T.J.MAX, which early mapped against some most of its competitors in a widely competitive space in major cities of Boston, New York, Chicago and Washington as of 2007 (Jurevicius, 2015). References Education Portal,. (2015). Strategy Formulation: Definition, Model Process | Education Portal. Retrieved 11 February 2015, from https://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/strategy-formulation-definition-model-process.html Ewaluacja.gov.pl,. (2015). Definition and Types of Evaluation. Retrieved 11 February 2015, from https://www.ewaluacja.gov.pl/english/Strony/Evaluation.aspx Jurevicius, O. (2015). Strategy Tools | Strategic Management Insight. Strategicmanagementinsight.com. Retrieved 11 February 2015, from https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools.html Mba-tutorials.com,. (2015). Internal External- IE Matrix. Retrieved 11 February 2015, from https://www.mba-tutorials.com/strategy/391-internal-external-ie-matrix.html Referenceforbusiness.com,. (2015). Strategy Formulation - organization, levels, system, advantages, manager, school, company, hierarchy, business. Retrieved 11 February 2015, from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Sc-Str/Strategy-Formulation.html Small Business - Chron.com,. (2015). Business Strategies. Retrieved 11 February 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/business-strategies/?__hstc=753710.624565fe59b2bacaba16576ddf1a89a7.1423634914130.1423634914130.1423634914130.1__hssc=753710.1.1423634914133__hsfp=2062607028

Informative Speech Essay Topics

Informative Speech Essay TopicsUsing information as the backbone of your informative speech essay topics is the best way to convince readers to listen to your words. A good speech-essay must provide valuable, practical information and must be written with insight. In other words, you need to convince your audience of your ideas.Not only does good information to help us survive in the world today, it can also make us appear more knowledgeable. Today's audiences expect some real insight from those who speak on a given topic. They want someone with some real substance to make arguments, write research papers, and give details about a topic. So if you want to write an informative speech, you will need to have a good knowledge of the topic and also of how to get it into a compelling form.The information is always valuable. With the way the world is going, though, sometimes it can seem to fall by the wayside. People no longer think that through good information you can still get your point across. People are much more concerned with the results than they are with the material itself. In addition, your audience will quickly notice when you don't know something and tend to think poorly of you.One way to tackle this problem is to include some real depth in your informative speech essay topics. You can tell a lot about yourself and your abilities by what you say. Instead of speaking like the first grader in the back of the room, you should think like the person in the front row. By demonstrating why you have the insight you do, you will be seen as a person of substance who has some real insight.If you have any thoughts of your own opinions about a topic, you should express them. Use evidence, statistics, or even research studies to support your points. A good tip is to write your speech in such a way that all ofyour ideas are voiced while still remaining clear and concise. Sometimes we stop ourselves when we start talking to make sure that we are saying the right thing. Don't do that.One method for dealing with this problem is to write your speech essays about two things: who you are and what you have to say. Talk about who you are and how you got to where you are today. Then talk about what you would like to change about yourself and your life. You may want to include pictures or say something that will bring clarity to your ideas.When you are done writing your speech topic, take a deep breath and remember that you are not a teacher. At one time, you probably thought that you were, but in actuality, you are not. Your audience is there to hear your voice and understand your points. So it is important that your speech content is simple and easy to understand.Remember that when you write an informative speech, you are giving your audience a well-rounded, useful, and persuasive resource. While you can provide the audience with information that they will want to hear, you should not get them to rely on you for anything. With a little bit of thought and preparation, you will be able to write your speeches effectively and demonstrate to your audience how you can make a difference in their lives.

Vertical and Horizontal Integration

It is the goal of any business to be profitable and sustainable in the short-run and in the long run. To achieve this, many firms come up with a number of methods and strategies that tend to utilize their resources and capabilities in an effective and efficient manner. As a result, such organizations tend to become market leaders and command a large market share in their respective industries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vertical and Horizontal Integration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vertical and horizontal integration are amongst the most used methods in ensuring that companies have a competitive advantage over their rivals. These methods are therefore grand strategies that aim at giving companies the right direction in terms of their running, operations and management. Through their application, companies have the chance to have a competitive advantage over their rivals and command a large market share . Horizontal integration is the process through which firms in the same industry and similar level of production merge to jointly produce goods and services. This joint operation normally tends to reduce production and operating costs. As a result, such firms tend to produce their goods and services at a cheaper price as compared to other individual companies who undertake the whole process of production on their own. To stand on a stronger base, firms that decide to adopt this strategy should be experts in their respective fields. Through horizontal integration, firms are able to exploit the economies of scale to their advantage. This is because they incur costs jointly. Examples of costs that firms are able to incur jointly include transpiration, warehousing, advertising, selling and distributions, purchase of raw materials and labour costs. Such companies will thus produce their goods and services at a cheaper price as compared to their rivals. Due to this fact, they will stand a chance of sell their goods at a lower price as compared to other firms in the market. This will in turn increase their market share. As a result, such companies will have a competitive advantage in their industries. In addition, through merging up, companies that have adopted this strategy will enjoy the privileges of monopoly. The entry of new firms into the market will be difficult due to the high market share that they hold.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the motor industry, Volkswagen is a company that has benefited greatly from horizontal integration. The company merged with Skoda to manufacture vehicles. Their main target group were the members of the middle and lower classes of the society. Through their expertise, they were able to manufacture cheap and efficient cars that are desirable for individuals of these classes. At the present moment, Volkswagen is in th e process of merging up with Porsche to produce luxurious cars for the individuals of the upper class. Once this is in place, Volkswagen will have a large market share in the motor vehicle industry in Europe by having cars that meet the needs of all individuals in the society. As a result, the company will have a competitive advantage over other companies that target a specific class in the society. Vertical stratification is also another grand strategy that can enable firms to have a competitive advantage and command a large market share. This method is achieved by the acquisition of suppliers or consumers in a market by a firm. This strategy has the following options: Forward integrations Backwards integration Full integration Taper integration In forward integration, a firm acquires a company whose level of production is in a later stage while in backward integration, a firm acquires a company whose level of production is in an earlier stage. In full integration, a firm control s all the activities of manufacturing a product. In taper integration, on the other hand, a firm manufactures goods and services by merging with suppliers of raw materials and distributors of the products. Using the concept of vertical integration brings about a number of benefits within an organization. This concept tends to reduce costs, improve the efficiency of production and improve on the quality and quantity of the product. These facts are essential in ensuring that companies have a competitive advantage over their rivals. Porters Grand Strategies There are several factors that affect the manner in which firms operate within their respective industries and the profitability they enjoy. The attractiveness that a firm has in the industry in which it is operating is a primary factor in the determination of the profitability that the firm will enjoy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vertical and Horizontal Integration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The position that a business holds within the industry is an operating in acts as a secondary factor (Quick MBA, 2011). Therefore, a firm may be in a state of earning profits that are below average but due to its strategic positioning it still earns high returns. According to Michael Porter, a firm positioning depends on the manner in which it is utilizing its strengths (Quick MBA, 2011). The strengths of a firm depend on whether a firm wants to cost conscious or differently from its rivals. While a firm is operating on a broad or narrow scale, it can achieve this either through cost leadership, differentiation or focus (Quick MBA, 2011). The following graph shows Porters grand strategy model. Using the cost leadership strategy, a firm will focus on reducing its cost of production. To achieve this, a firm may seek cheaper raw materials, use the most efficient methods of production or reduce its labour costs. As a result therefore, the avera ge cost of production per unit will be reduced. Such a company may sell its goods and services at the average market price or below the market price. Selling the goods at the market price will ensure that the company earns more profits as compared to its rivals. On the other hand, selling the goods below the market price will reduce the revenue of the company but will earn it market share. For this strategy to be successful, a company needs to have a lot of capital, expertise, skills and efficient channels for marketing and distribution of its products (Quick MBA, 2011). IKEA is one of the companies that use this technique. Since its incorporation, the company has been coming up with means of reducing its production costs in order to reduce the prices of its commodities. The strategy has been successful since IKEA has grown to become one of the leading furniture manufacturing and retailing companies in the world. This strategy has its own risks.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other firms may also decide to lower down the costs of their goods and services. Technological advancements also lead to the formulation of more efficient methods of production that reduce costs and increase the quantity of production. Other firms may also decide to target narrow markets. All these factors will reduce the competitive advantage that a firm had gained as a result of using this strategy. To build on its strengths, a firm may also adopt the differentiation strategy. While using this strategy, a firm will try to have a competitive advantage by producing goods that are different or unique as compared to the ones that are currently in the market. These new version or types of goods should suit the needs and requirements of consumers in a better way as compared to the goods that are currently present in the market. As a result, many customers will prefer the new version of the goods and services that are produced by the firm. This will in turn increase the demand for the go od and consumers they may become loyal to the product and the brand. In addition, they may recommend it to other individuals. This will in turn increase the market share of the firm in the industry. In addition, the company will have a competitive advantage over its rivals. To achieve this, a firm must be innovative and invest on research. It must also have a skilled and innovative team and must use brilliant marketing techniques to reach its target group. Imitations from rivals coupled with changes in consumer tastes and preferences are the main risks to this strategy. A firm that adopts the focus strategy is one that operates within a narrow range of the market. Due to this fact, such firms would like to achieve a mix of differentiation and cost advantage. To achieve this, a firm normally identifies a specific target group in the market and produces goods and services that meet their specific needs. Due to this fact, such firms are able to satisfy the needs of their customers and earn consumer loyalty. It will therefore be difficult for new firms to enter into this market due to the brand loyalty that the target group has for the firm. Firms operating in such markets may also sell their goods at high prices since they do not have close substitutes. However, there are some risks that are involved. These include changes in consumers tastes and preferences and imitations. Other firms may also focus on a section of this target market and supply them with a good that is of a better quality. Reference Quick MBA, n.d, Porter’s Generic Strategies. Available at:Â  http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml This essay on Vertical and Horizontal Integration was written and submitted by user Al1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Amritsar Massacre, 1919

Amritsar Massacre, 1919 The European imperial powers committed many atrocities during their period of world domination.  However, the 1919 Amritsar Massacre in northern India, also known as the Jallianwala Massacre, surely ranks as one of the most senseless and egregious.   Background For more than sixty years, British officials in the Raj had viewed the people of India with mistrust, having been caught off-guard by the Indian Revolt of 1857. During World War I (1914-18), the majority of Indians supported the British in their war effort against Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.  Indeed, more than 1.3 million Indians served as soldiers or support staff during the war, and more than 43,000 died fighting for Britain. The British knew, however, that not all Indians were willing to support their colonial rulers.  In 1915, some of the most radical Indian nationalists took part in a plan called the Ghadar Mutiny, which called for soldiers in the British Indian Army to revolt in the midst of the Great War. The Ghadar Mutiny never happened, as the organization planning the revolt was infiltrated by British agents and the ring-leaders arrested. Nevertheless, it increased hostility and distrust among British officers toward the people of India. On March 10, 1919, the British passed a law called the Rowlatt Act, which only increased disaffection in India.  The Rowlatt Act authorized the government to imprison suspected revolutionaries for up to two years without a trial. People could be arrested without a warrant, had no right to confront their accusers or see the evidence against them, and lost the right to a jury trial.   It also placed strict controls on the press. The British immediately arrested two prominent political leaders in Amritsar who were affiliated with Mohandas Gandhi; the men disappeared into the prison system. Over the following month, violent street scuffles broke out between Europeans and Indians in the streets of Amritsar.  The local military commander, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, issued orders that Indian men had to crawl on hands and knees along the public street, and could be publicly lashed for approaching British police officers. On April 13, the British government banned gatherings of more than four people. Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh On the very afternoon that freedom of assembly was retracted, April 13, thousands of Indians gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh gardens in Amritsar.  Sources say that as many as 15,000 to 20,000 people packed into the small space. General Dyer, certain that the Indians were beginning an insurrection, led a group of sixty-five Gurkhas and twenty-five Baluchi soldiers from Iran through the narrow passages of the public garden. Fortunately, the two armored cars with machine guns mounted on top were too wide to fit through the passageway and remained outside. The soldiers blocked all of the exits.  Without issuing any warning, they opened fire, aiming for the most crowded parts of the throng. People screamed and ran for the exits, trampling one another in their terror, only to find each way blocked by soldiers. Dozens jumped into a deep well in the garden to escape the gunfire, and drowned or were crushed instead. The authorities imposed a curfew on the city, preventing families from aiding the wounded or finding their dead all night. As a result, many of the injured likely bled to death in the garden. The shooting went on for ten minutes; more than 1,600 shell casings were recovered.  Dyer only ordered a ceasefire when the troops ran out of ammunition. Officially, the British reported that 379 people were killed; its likely that the actual toll was closer to 1,000.   Reaction The colonial government tried to suppress news of the massacre both within India and in Britain.   Slowly, however, word of the horror got out.  Within India, ordinary people became politicized, and nationalists lost all hope that the British government would deal with them in good faith, despite Indias massive contribution to the recent war efforts.   In Britain, the general public and the House of Commons reacted with outrage and disgust to news of the massacre. General Dyer was called to give testimony about the incident.  He testified that he surrounded the protestors and did not give any warning before giving the order to fire because he did not seek to disperse the crowd, but to punish the people of India generally. He also stated that he would have used the machine guns to kill many more people, had he been able to get them into the garden.   Even Winston Churchill, no great fan of the Indian people, decried this monstrous event. He called it an extraordinary event, a monstrous event. General Dyer was relieved of his command on grounds of mistaking his duty, but he was never prosecuted for the murders.  The British government has yet to formally apologize for the incident.   Some historians, such as Alfred Draper, believe that the Amritsar Massacre was key in bringing down the British Raj in India.  Most believe that Indian independence was inevitable by that point, but that the callous brutality of the massacre made the struggle that much more bitter. Sources Collett, Nigel.   The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer, London: Continuum, 2006. Lloyd, Nick. The Amritsar Massacre: The Untold Story of One Fateful Day, London: I.B. Tauris, 2011. Sayer, Derek. British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre 1919-1920, Past Present, No. 131 (May 1991), pp. 130-164.

Database Management system project (MIS) Assignment

Database Management system project (MIS) - Assignment Example With the help of an entity relation diagram (ERD), normalized relations are displayed using Crows Foot notation. Further, relational tables and the ERD are translated and displayed in Access with a focus on integrity and referential rules during the design of the tables. Finally, the project will perform querying processes that summarizes the key data and give justifications for them. With the help of screenshots, the database components will be shown in the report to illustrate the functionality of the database. This is a project that entails the development of a database for an airline company referred as Fly Dubai. The company operates from Dubai and serves regions in Asian Pacific, Middle East, Africa and Europe. The system for an airline company should be up to date, accurate, secure, and responsive to frequent changes and should integrate the use of decision making and management tools for the day to day operation of the company. Airline industry comprise of a number of stakeholders which include passengers, airline employees, airport and crew service providers and government regulators among others. A database is anticipated that documents the details of all the interested parties and meets their needs effectively. This paper documents the creation of a database using database tools such as Access and subsequent management processes that ensure efficient delivery of service. Fly Dubai is a no-frills airline company that is based in United Arab Emirates. The company serves low income consumers in UAE and other Asian countries. It has also developed partnerships and collaborations with other airlines operating outside UAE and into Asian Pacific regions, Europe, South America and Africa. The airline is headquartered in Dubai and is a vital transport option for UAE residents and beyond. Since the inception of the airline a few years ago, the key challenge has been the booking, scheduling and office

Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social work - Essay Example She may not even realize how â€Å"jaded† and judgmental he/she has become. This is clearly someone who has never taken the time to realize and address their own ignorances, assumptions, and embraced stereotypes that could make them less helpful and more of a hindrance. Such people lack the self-awareness that, I think, is so important to the field of social work and the kind of worker that I hope to be. Alice Miller, in Anne Bishop’s Becoming an Ally: Breaking the Cycle of Oppression in People, says that without self awareness and an ability to connect with those you aid can become just part of a routine and that, †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦morality and performance of duty are artificial measures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2002) In my mind this is a prime example of this line of thinking. This woman does her job, but she lacks empathy or even sympathy, but can, probably, fake it under the right circumstances. This is why it is essential for social workers to have an understanding of their own h istories, backgrounds, biases, founded or unfounded, before they will ever be truly effective in their position. How effective a social worker will be in helping others is directly related personal beliefs, attitudes and outlooks, and how self aware they are.(Heydt & Sherman, 2005) It would be very easy for someone with discriminatory thinking or unresolved personal issues be inadvertently expressed in ways that cam impede the â€Å"good works† that a social worker is supposed to do. A social worker must take the time to self-evaluate, even if it means discovering things about yourself that you are not necessarily proud of. Knowing your strengths, weaknesses, and flaws make you a more complete person that can actually be beneficial to those with whom they are working. Having the right tools are essential to completing any task. A plumber is of little use without a pipe wrench. Social workers are no different, except the tool that they use to complete their tasks and achieve t heir goals is themselves.(Heydt & Sherman, 2005) â€Å"Self awareness is the core of ethical practices.†(Lipschutz, 2012 ) That said, it may be difficult to genuinely perform their jobs ethically unless they are committed to becoming self-aware. In 2003, Sheafor and Horejsi, listed the eight most common factors that can be an interference in the helping of others and are recommended as part of a social workers self-awareness check-list; personal issues, appearance (clothing and grooming), behaviors that devalue or degrade others, distracting personal habits, difficulties in verbal communication, difficulties in cognitive functioning, problems in written communication, and poor work habits. Having reviewed all of these items, I find that I have no overwhelming or overpowering personal issues that might negatively affect my future works. I, always, attempt to dress and present myself professionally and appropriately for the work environment. I do not participate in intentionall y degrading or insulting behaviors. I have never been told that I have any distracting personal habits. I am a strong communicator, both, verbally and in written endeavors. Lastly, I think I have, both, positive and efficient work habits. That said, I am by no means perfect. There is much that I still need to learn, about my work and the people that I may eventually help. Still I am comfortable with myself and

Challenges That Face The Organizational Behaviour Business Essay

Challenges That Face The Organizational Behaviour Business Essay Employee and customer satisfaction are the vital elements of an organisation to survive in the continuous changing world. To function effectively, the organisation must understand the culture and the diversity of the employees. Organisations must adapt to the changes of technology and customer needs, therefore the importance of the work force is a pivotal role facing any organisation today. In the past, behaviour patterns of the employees were not taken much care of, but today it is key structure to obtaining success within and outside the organisation. Every organisation has its own distinct behaviours, characteristics that portray the companys ways of building a positive and productive relationship within the work force. The companys philosophy, values, mission, vision, goals and objectives, communication, capacity to embrace changes, culture and learning sets as its model framework which outlines its function. Every detail of the behavioural aspect in an organisation is incorporat ed in the field of discipline now known as organisational behaviour. Organisational behaviour is a broad study of knowledge about how individuals and groups act in their respective organizations. Organisational behaviour in management can be viewed as the behavioural pattern of people in management; the manner and way people interact within the organisation. Management is to organise, control and achieve the objectives of the owners of the organisations that employ them. The management operates through the manager who exercises great care in administering the resources of the organisation. According to the Management guru Peter Drucker (1909 2005) the basic task of management is marketing and innovation. Directors and managers have the power and responsibility to make decisions to manage an enterprise to the best of their ability. Frenchman Henri Fayol (1841 -1925) considers management to consist of six functions, forecasting, planning, organising, commanding, coordinating, controlling. Business Strategy A key factor in the running of organisations is the business strategy the organisation develops. Business strategy refers to how a business competes successfully in a particular market. It concerns strategic decisions on meeting the need of its customers, the choice of its product, gaining an advantage over its competitors, exploiting or creating new opportunities. A business strategy is typically the direction a business will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goal. A successful business strategy will identify what a business wants to accomplish, the strengths it can bring to bear on accomplishing the goals and weaknesses that must be addressed prior to integration and implementation. Business strategy determines the direction of the business in the long run, competition in the market and resources required for it to be able to compete. These are all factors which affect the overall outcome of the business and have to be taken seriously in order to achieve the goal req uired. Case study A typical example of a case study of a business strategy is Vijay Patel a self made millionaire. He is the founder chairman Waymade Healthcare, a drugs company. Although he has achieved considerable wealth already he is not ready to give up: Ive got a long way to go. It isnt about making more wealth. It is about achieving the goals I have set for my business. My ambition is to become a mini Glaxo by 2010. (Glaxco is one of the worlds leading pharmaceutical companies.) Sunday times, 10 September 2000 Innovation and Creativity Another critical element in order to achieve organisational goals and objectives are what new ideas can be integrated to achieve success in an organisation. Many companies introduce new ideas and plans to achieve their targets and goals. This is an important part of future success within any organisation. New technology has become available over the years which have led to newer options available to organisations which seemed distant before. Companies structure the business on these advances in technology, allowing them to have a clear vision of what they would like to achieve in the future. This process of change is known as innovation and creativity. All organisations can innovate but where some will flourish, some will also fail. Introducing innovation and creativity will have positive and negative effects as new developments bring in fresh ideas which change old practises with new ones. The Challenge for all organisations is to keep ahead of changing market conditions, new technologies and human resources issues. Management of these changes are the most important challenges facing any organisation. The management have to be very adaptive and flexible. The management must have open, caring relations with every employee and face to face communication. There is also a systemic approach to business innovation, which includes change in organisation, strategy, technology, process, product and marketing. All of these will be affected by innovation and need to evolve to adapt with changes. Case study BT is unique in having an end-to-end open innovation process. The company scouts the latest innovations and trends in the market worldwide, creates prototypes rapidly in hothouses, uses its own research, and partners with academic institutions to create products and services for its customers. A recent successful innovation that was rapidly down streamed for use by BT Retail was the development of BT FON application for the iPhone and Android smart phones. They enable users to find the nearest Wi-Fi hotspot and roam to it instead of using the expensive data channel provided by their mobile operator. The concept for the application was rapidly developed by BT Innovate and Design researchers and developers to become one of the most downloaded free apps on both the Apple and Android sites. Control To achieve and maintain the quality within the organization is of critical importance which is through control process, which refers to examining the activities whether these are done in a planned and organized way. There are three types of control: market control which deals with the external market mechanic (price competition), bureaucratic control emphasis on organisation authority, admisinistration rules, regulation and policies, whereas clean control is related with behaviours patterns of employees such as norms, values, believes. Control is important to as it provide assurance in the terms of goal fulfilments. Control is considered as the final link in the management process. It tells us successful accomplishment of the organisation goals by examines planning empowering the works and their safety at workplace. The following three step control process involves: 1. Assessment of actual perform 2. Comparing it with a standard 3. Managerial discussions to correct deviations or inadequate standard in order to measure control process following measure are utilized: 1. Personal observed 2. Statistrical reports 3. Oral reports 4. Letter report To ensure control, it is very important to compare actual performance with the pre established standard in order to correct actual performance or revise the standard. Quality Control: Quality control is an important aspect of management which talk about added value to product and services which set them apart from competitors .it is an important part of companys strategy, important at every level of operations process. The goal of quality control is to identify mistakes and correct them as soon as possible. Quality built trust and productivity increases profit for the organisation. Traditional quality control emphases on mistakes rather then preventing them. Wall Shewort (1930) introduced statistical quality control, comprised of acceptance sampling approach and process control. Process control production: It deals with measuring out put and comparing it to pre-establish standards for example: canned soups are retained within certain temperature during processing. it temperature is too high, soup would have burning taste and if temperature is too low then there is a chance of bacteria in the soup. If process control procedure detects a shift beyond an accurate temperature range corrective action can be taken. Acceptance sampling process It tests a small sample and small sample is fine than the whole is also accepted. If sample is bad than the lot is rejected. Quality assurance People are key to quality and works, work hard for zero defects Total quality management It refers to when the workers (quality circles) discuss different methods to improve quality of products and solve production problems. This strategic commitment is known as total quality management, which requires 70% members support decision. Case study: Motivation Motivation refers to goal directed behaviour. It can be describe as direction and persistent of action. Twyla Dell describes motivation as what people actually expect from work they perform. The employee gets rewarded in return of their hard work to improve productivity, quality and services. Employees, who are motivated and dedicated to work, feel satisfied with their work performance. Their higher degree of interest results in better organisational development There are two major categories of motivation content theory and process theory. Content theory discusses the elements which serve as motivation for an individual at work and emphasis upon peoples needs and goals and effort to achieve their goals. Process theories deals with initiation of a particular set of behaviour, its direction and stability, involves expectancy based model, equity theory, goal theory and attribution theory. Major that comes under content aspect are Maslows hierarchy of needs model; Alderfer,s modifield need hierarchy model; Herzbergs two-factor theory; McClellands achievement motivation theory. Maslows theory According to Maslows to achieve self action the basic needs of a person needs to be fulfilled first. The second step is saftly.when the individual feel secure, he and she seeks love and develop esteem. Once these needs are fulfilled, self action is the high need to be fulfilled. Maslows hierarchy of needs model In the context of work motivation, Herzberg Herzberg presents his two-factor theory, which comprised of maintenance factors and Growth factor. Maintenance factor Maintenance factor are related with job, its environment .If an individual is jobless, and he or she would be dissatisfaction. Growth factor Growth factor, on the other hand, related with effort in Terms of improving job performance. Case study Tom Monaghan founder of Dominos pizza emphasises people behaviour at work striving to accomplish the goal and meet the challenges. When their efforts rewarded, the workers gain a sense of belongingness and recognition. He strictly believes in the light of his own experience that his employees got some dreams and are willing to work with an aim to bring their dreams in to reality. With this perception facilitates them to prove his belief right. In terms of career development, Dominos offers employees follow the Monaghans own success path who started out as a delivery person and moving up through the position of store manager. Following this tradition, Dominos employees have taken great opportunity to start their own franchises. Monaghan ran Dominos according to a modification of Alderfers model of work motivation with the belief that people need to be rewarded for their efforts and that most of them, like him, have dreams that can be nurtured and satisfied by material wealth. Whether these dreams coincide with basic existence needs or the need of some people to find self-esteem through possessions is a matter of debate among psychologist. Whether they can be practical managerial creativity. Monoghan also believed that people need a sense of belonging and that they want to cooperate with others in a successful working environment.thus, Dominos emphasizes teamwork. Even working at a somewhat routine and standardized job like pizza delivery, it is possible for a Dominos employee to b part of a group, a family, with the sense of belonging that families engender. In addition, Dominos has a clear system of extrinsic rewards, including the opportunity to advance and become a franchise owner.Thus employees have a clear expectation of what they must do to earn certain rewards. Finally, we might explain Dominos success by the fact that it challenges people to use their creativity. In a business as straightforward as pizza parlors, Dominos has found that innovation and creativity can play an improving the company product, in enhancing their own talents in the pursuit of their own opportunities, and in making the organisation successful Factors responsible for ineffective performance of work organisation and steps to over come As we discussed above factors responsible for effective work organisation. If any one of the above stated factors such as business strategy, innovation and creativity, quality control, does not function properly, the stability of an organisation is disturbed. And these disturbances put the organisational objectives at risk, leading to failure to achieve the desired outcome. According to a survey (2009), the Society of Human Recourse Management emphasised factors important for job satisfaction. These are job security, correlation with immediate supervisor, benefits, constant contact between employee and senior management, chance to show skills and abilities, appraisals, health and safety. Besides, there are other factors in the working organisation responsible for the unsuccessful performance of the workforce to accomplish the outlined goals. These are as follow: Lack of motivation Lack of Information Insufficient recourses Time management These factors and many other are important for successful work organization but in my view lack of motivation is the most important factor which put the whole organisation at risk and refrain it to accomplish the set goals. Lack of motivation Motivation plays a significant role in organising human behaviour at work. Increase in salary, rewards, and benefits, flexible timings, job security, promotions all keep an individual committed to their work. If any of these incentives are withdrawn, interest of the employees decreased and they start looking for some other organization which meets their needs. On the other hand, if the do not join another organisation, and remain in the same organisation, their quality of work decreased. They unable tp perform at their best. The worker might develop some psychological problems as a result of continuous stress. They consider the job as a duty irrespective of the matter that they enjoy it or not. They consider the job is the basic requirement to fulfil the basic need of themselves and their family. Manager plays a vital role regarding workforce motivation and keeping their morale high. Employees motivation is the key factor which effect organisation performance. The manager should know the aptitude of employees because every individual has different personality. The manager is to involve all the staff members in the decision making process and create friendly environment. The organisation must provide the opportunity to its work force to develop their knowledge and skills. They must be involved in different task in order to build confidence in their respective area. The employees must be provided with complete information about how to perform a task in a given time frame. They must be allowed to work independently, be capable of making decision. Their goal directed behaviour indicates task management with higher level of responsibility. Giving confidence to the employees to attend in higher level meetings provide more access to important and desirable meetings and projects. Employee might be added in specific mailing lists, in company briefings keep them aware regarding company matters. They should be provided opportunity to impact department or company goals, priorities, and measurements. Modern nature of work organisation Work Organisation Change Work organisation change refers to change within organisation which effects the internal as well as external environment of the organisation. Organisation change can be initiated by the manager within organisation and it can be due to changes in policy or due to some external forces e.g., clients demand. In order to survive, the organisation must have the potential to accomplished changes. Factor of organisational change 1. Uncertain economic scenario 2. Globalisation 3. Government intervention 4. Lack of natural resources 5. Swift developments in new technology and the information age; 6. Quality assurance and high standards of customer satisfaction 7. Increased flexibility in the structure of work organisations patterns of management 8. The changing composition of staff Change within organisation is related with time factor. Old dated material resources( (machinery, equipment) as well as human resources in terms of lack of modern skill and knowledge and lack of aptitude in the labour force results in change. These problems can be over come by regular repair of the equipment, physical material and update these with advance technology. While on the other hand, human resource management can run training workshops in order to empower their work force with relevant skill and knowledge in their respective area. Change in organization is an indispensible element in todays technologically advanced world. However, organizational change has faced many challenges in order to accept it by the members of the staff and even the organization as a whole. Due to its challenging nature, organisational change has been criticised keeping in view the following factors: 1. If the change does not meet the need of organisation and employees 2. If the organisation ignore needs and expectations of employees 2. If the employees are ignorant or have less information about the change 3. If the member realized there is no need for change When the employees have insufficient information, they resist change which might be a big hurdle to achieve the goals. Every member has his or her own perception and interprets the change by using his/her own particular perspective or frame of mind. For example Habib Bank Ltd. Pakistan (2007) introduced customer relationship officers (CRO) and employed fresh graduate with updated skill and knowledge. This change was unacceptable for senior employees and they took many years to accept this change by changing their perception with the help of continues meetings and organising socials and training workshop combined with the new staff. Similarly, habits of the members serve as a source of security and when change is necessary, it leads to resistance. Effort is required to provide some rewards in order to build new habits. Change is also perceived as loss of freedom and economic implications, insecurity and fear of the unknown. For example introduction to new technology put heavy pressure on members in order to maintain their position in the orgnisation. Another major criticism is when the organisation resists the change as they are comfortable with the structure, environment and rules, already established within organisation. The possible reasons might be organisation culture, maintaining stability, investment in resources past agreements and threats to power. Organisational culture The development of the culture of an organisation is a long term process, and influence the organisation process and behaviour pattern of the staff members. So it is not easy to bring change and accept it promptly. However, ineffective culture is prone to change easily. Maintaining stability Large organisation more often sounds to be stable. Therefore change in organisation structure, rules, division of tasks leads to resistance to accept change. Investment in resources: To bring change, large resources are also required. Therefore the organisation experience difficulties if their resources are already invested in some project. Similarly past contracts of an organisation with some other organisation can cause resistance to accept change. Lastly change might be perceived as a threat by some group in power. As a result of change, there is strong chance that their influence on decision making or resource is minimized. Case study The following case study provides evidence regarding the outcome of organisation change. These outcomes are related with leadership, motivation, culture change